I would define 'direct damage' as:
- The effect causes the target to take damage points.
- The damage is caused directly by the spell, not by a creature or effect generated by the spell. Spells such as Call Lightning generate an effect, and that effect does damage, and are thus indirect damage.
- The damage is not resisted; thus, spells like Petrifaction are not direct damage.
- The effect is reliable -- Crack's Call and Call Chaos don't count.
- Whether the spell should be targeted is an open question.
- Chaos: Doom Bolt, Fire Bolt, Lightning Bolt, Fireball, Warp Lightning, and maybe Flame Strike.
- Death: none
- Life: Star Fires
- Nature: Ice Bolt
- Sorcery: Psionic Blast