(March 16th, 2018, 03:59)ipecac Wrote: They often are, not always, but often.
I'm sure they may often appear to be knee-jerk reactions, but remember that you're not a mind-reader. As well, these biases are real, and affect everybody, regardless of what motivates someone to mention the fact. Knowing about them and being reminded of them - whether by oneself or by others - is very helpful for figuring out what's actually going on and avoiding deceiving oneself. Dismissing them as 'knee-jerk' isn't really helpful for anything: The point isn't why someone says something (I made a similar mistake in trying to figure out "why" you were posting what you did earlier in this thread) but whether what they're saying has merit.
Quote:As I've pointed out multiple times, it's been tested on large populations, which swamps out any possible subgroup.
But you didn't suggest any possible subgroup that ought to be tested. Also, you may be underestimating the amount of effort that goes into ensuring that this does not happen; it is a phenomenon of which scientists are aware. Meanwhile, you have said that the reason you think there's any point in testing it is because of "before and after stories" ... which come from the same large, general population that is being tested. The
only way to include all these "before and after stories" is to test the general population, because the stories come from people from all walks of life - with the sometimes-when-they-manage-to-remember exception of people who have heard of the post-facto fallacy and therefore know better.
Quote:Quote:What population would you test it against? I want to be clear here: Let us suppose you have a rare allergy that causes you to break out in hives when exposed to something normally non-allergenic that we'll call X.
Exactly the analogy I had in mind, rare allergies. All you can say is that it's difficult to test. Certainly, identifying a likely sub-population is near-impossible given that we don't know all that much about autism.
You seem to have missed a couple of points here:
1) I asked (you even quoted it) what possible subgroup you would test instead of the general population. This is very important if you want your hypothesis to relate to testing a subgroup!
2) One thing about a rare allergy is that non-rare allergies also exist, as do other, different rare allergies. An allergic reaction is a common way that the body breaks down in response to otherwise-harmless stuff in its environment, and it responds to different things in different people. But we know that's
not the case with autism: That's why I pointed out that there is no evidence of
any post-natal environmental factor that correlates with autism. Also, as I should have added, there are no
pre-natal risk factors for autism that are not
also risk factors for other varieties of birth defects.
Which raises a question: Do you acknowledge that Autism
can arise as a birth defect? There is a lot of evidence that it can and does. But if so, you appear to be trying to say that autism - though normally, in the general population, resulting from birth defects - in some small, unknown subgroup is actually caused by one very specific environmental factor. I don't see any known mechanism by which that factor could even possibly have that effect, and I don't see one being suggested, but that seems to be the claim.
Except it's not enough for the subgroup to be very small - so small that it can be overlooked in large studies that are specifically looking for associations between that specific malady and that specific environmental factor - because then there would have to be
no other subgroup in which any
other non-birth-defect-related environmental factor has a similar effect unless
each group was also too small to be detected in various studies. Also, the different subgroups' ... autism triggers? ... would have to be sufficiently unrelated to one another that a group of similar triggers wouldn't move the needle on a large study. (Although if you're basing this on before-and-after stories, I guess you have to say that vaccines are somehow the
only environmental factor that applies, or else wouldn't there be lots of
other before-and-after stories about the
other possible causes?)
Quote:The nice thing about allergies is that it is easy to do before-and-after tests on a specific patient repeatedly under controlled circumstances.
Er. Actually, unless there have been some significant advances in the past few years, testing for allergies is often
incredibly difficult - because patients are
never in controlled circumstances, and rarely have just one allergy. You can't control when a new weed will grow in a patient's backyard or when a coworker in the next cubicle will be given a big can of roasted peanuts as a holiday gift, and though packaged foods increasingly list common allergens, it's hard to know which of the innumerable ingredients come from where if you have to dig for rare ones, and [etc ad nauseum]. You can do before-and-after tests, but before-and-after tests are usually misleading; you have to do a
lot of tests, eliminating a
lot of potential allergens as well as you can, and then
maybe you can narrow it down if it happens to be something over which you have control or can reasonably detect or infer. Sometimes it's super easy: Some reactions can be obvious and immediate. But for many people, identifying their specific allergies is
hard, and all they can say for sure is that they have allergies to
something, and probably several things. As I think Dark Savant was saying when this whole subthread started, science is complicated and messy.
But do you see the difference here? With an allergy, we see a reaction that is normally caused by the body reacting to environmental factors. We therefore can try to determine which environmental factors are triggering it, and we can try to reduce the severity of the adverse reaction, e.g. with antihistamines (or in the case of severe bee sting allergies, epinephrine injections). With autism, we see a set of limitations and behaviors that are normally associated with the same stuff as various birth defects, and are developmental in nature. We can look for environmental factors anyway, and we do, and we haven't found any. But understand that you aren't proposing that a small subgroup is having an "autism reaction" to a different environmental factor than other people have; as far as we've been able to tell, there is no such thing as such a reaction to anything. So you are saying that one specific arbitrary thing in a person's environment, through mysterious mechanisms not attempted to be described, causes - not a range of different reactions like allergies, and nothing localized or systemic - but this one specific type of developmental limitation, specifically in the brain, in some undefined, tiny subset of the population. Do you see why this suggestion seems extraordinary, even before we find that the evidence in support of it is not only not extraordinary but non-existent?
Quote:Quote:If you want someone to refute your claim that your specific child's autism could have been caused by a vaccine, we can only say that for all useful intents and purposes, the evidence refutes this.
We can only say that the evidence does not suggest or refute it for the specific child.
For all useful intents and purposes though, the evidence
absolutely refutes this claim. If you your child tries to run into the street, and your spouse prevents this and lectures the child about traffic safety, and a few days later, the child comes down with pneumonia, you could say that the evidence "neither suggests nor refutes" the claim that your spouse's specific traffic lecture gave your specific child pneumonia, but the claim would be just as ridiculous as the one about vaccines and autism.
Quote:Or that the person is thinking about the matter, and sees a possible hypothesis that can be tested to overturn the existing paradigm.
Lots of giant breakthroughs come from someone first advancing a hypothesis regarded as generally insane or unlikely by everyone educated in the field.
Totally possible! But you need a hypothesis first. An untestable assertion about an individual instance is not a hypothesis. A call to shrink the sample size of empirical testing without even specifying a subgroup to test is not a hypothesis. You can have a notion about possible causes of autism, and you can try to frame a hypothesis
from your notion, but a hypothesis must make specific, testable predictions in order to be a hypothesis at all.
Quote:I am willing to contemplate these 'crazy' ideas, especially when they are plausible- you yourself admit that the large studies of the general population can't rule out meaningful correlations within small sub-populations.
I'm not going to talk about this use of "you yourself" or "admit" because it's easier to just point out what I actually said:
(March 10th, 2018, 13:45)RefSteel Wrote: It is true that "correlation between X and Y does not appear in the general population" does not by itself rule out "this specific instance of X might have contributed to this specific instance of Y," but there is no reason to believe that any vaccine has ever contributed to the development of Autism in anyone ever
I'm not going to try to stop you from contemplating ideas, crazy or not. I think contemplating crazy ideas is fun and cool! The idea that vaccines cause autism is utterly implausible,
not only but
partly because well-conducted studies have been done that for all intents and purposes
do rule it out, partly (but again only in part) because these studies are
not just checking for a correlation between X and Y; well-conducted studies anticipate and control for obfuscating factors, and if there is any reason to believe that any particular subset of the population might be worth looking at in particular, targeted studies can be done - though if the subgroup is small enough (never mind one person) this would be a useless exercise statistically. You haven't proposed a specific subgroup though - apart from a subgroup of one, which you specifically said was not testable - which means that for all intents and purposes you're still talking about the general population, since you've made no attempt to distinguish it.
And again: On this subject, there are numerous other reasons to infer that there is no link between any vaccine and autism - everything we know about vaccines, autism, and human development suggests that the hypothesis is wrong, whereas no evidence anywhere (anecdotal evidence isn't) supports the idea that there is or could be any link.
And by itself, this wouldn't matter - talking about it might be a waste of time, but that's about all. But in this cae, the costs to any given child of not being vaccinated, and to the society at large if a significant number of children are not vaccinated, are
enormous, and many people in fact avoid vaccinating their children exactly because they've been deceived into thinking there's a link. Moreover, because anti-vaxxers have gotten a lot of media attention, a lot of resources have been wasted on studies like the ones I linked, instead of being used for actually-promising areas of autism research. We know very little about autism beyond the fact that it
isn't caused by environmental stuff - and retreading the debate over a preposterous claim invented by people trying to make a quick (large number of) buck(s) is part of the reason we don't know more than we do.